Esontweni eledlule, ukuthunyelwa kwamakhonteyina kusuka e-Asia kuya e-United States naseYurophu kufinyelele esicongweni esiphezulu. Ezinkampanini ezizongena esizini ephezulu yokwakha kabusha impahla, izindleko zokuhamba zizoqhubeka ziphezulu.

Ngokusho kwe-Drewry World Container Index ekhishwe ngoLwesine, izinga lokuthutha impahla endaweni ethile yesitsha esingamamitha angu-40 ukusuka eShanghai ukuya eLos Angeles lenyuke laya ku-US$9,733 eyirekhodi, ukwanda okungu-1% kusukela ngesonto eledlule kanye nokwanda okungu-236% kusukela ngonyaka odlule. Izinga lokuthutha impahla ukusuka eShanghai ukuya eRotterdam lenyuke laya ku-US$12,954, ukwanda okungu-1% kusukela ngesonto eledlule kanye nokwanda okungu-595% kusukela ngonyaka odlule. Inkomba ehlanganisiwe ekhombisa imizila yokuhweba eyisishiyagalombili emikhulu ifinyelele ku-US$8,883, ukwanda okungu-339% kusukela ngonyaka odlule.

Esinye sezizathu zemakethe encane ukushoda okuqhubekayo kwama-container athwala izimpahla zaseMelika ezingeniswa emzileni omatasa we-trans-Pacific. Impahla efakwe ema-container ingena esangweni elikhulu kakhulu lokuhweba olwandle eMelika elinomthamo ophindwe kahlanu wama-container agcwele izimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Engxoxweni nabatshalizimali, usihlalo kanye ne-CEO yeHaverty Furniture, enendlunkulu e-Atlanta, uthe: "Namuhla, ukusilela kweziqukathi, imikhiqizo, ukuthunyelwa, njll., nanoma yimiphi yale mikhiqizo kuye kwabambezeleka. Konke lokhu kubi kakhulu." Usho kanje emhlanganweni wabatshalizimali kuleli sonto.

Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi inkinga yokuphakelwa kulindeleke ukuthi ihlale isikhathi esingakanani, uSmith uthe: "Kuthiwa inkinga yokuphakelwa izohlala kuze kube unyaka ozayo. Angicabangi ukuthi isimo sizoba ngcono kulo nyaka, mhlawumbe kuzoba ngcono. Kufanele sikhokhe imali eyengeziwe ukuze sithole isitsha nendawo."

Ichweba lisagcwele futhi liya liba libi kakhulu

I-Port of Los Angeles ithe ngoLwesithathu ukuthi inani eliphelele lokungenisa izitsha ezilayishwe ngoJuni lalingu-467763 TEU, kanti inani lokuthumela kwamanye amazwe lehle laya ku-96067 TEU - izinga eliphansi kakhulu kusukela ngo-2005. E-Port of Long Beach, ukungenisa kwenyanga edlule kukhuphuke ngo-18.8% kwaya ku-357,101 TEU, okwathi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwehle ngo-0.5% kwaya ku-116,947 TEU. Inani eliphelele lokungeniswa kwamachweba amabili ngenyanga edlule landa ngo-13.3% uma kuqhathaniswa nenyanga efanayo ngo-2019.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusho kwezikhulu eziqapha ukuhamba kwemikhumbi, kusukela ngoLwesithathu ebusuku, inani lemikhumbi eboshiwe elinde ukuthululwa eLong Beach eLos Angeles lalingu-18. Lokhu kuphazamiseka bekulokhu kukhona kusukela ekupheleni konyaka odlule, kwafinyelela inani eliphakeme lemikhumbi engaba ngu-40 ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari.

UGene Seroka, umqondisi omkhulu wePort of Los Angeles, uthe engqungqutheleni yabezindaba ukuthi isidingo semikhiqizo yabathengi sibonakala sizohlala sizinzile unyaka wonke. USeroka uthe: "Imfashini yasekwindla, izimpahla zokubuyela esikoleni kanye nezimpahla ze-Halloween ziyafika emachwebeni ethu, futhi abanye abathengisi bathumele imikhiqizo yamaholide okuphela konyaka ngaphambi kwesikhathi esibekiwe." "Zonke izimpawu zikhomba engxenyeni yesibili eqinile."

UMario Cordero, umqondisi omkhulu weLong Beach, uthe yize ichweba lilindele ukuthi ukuhweba nge-inthanethi kukhuthaze ukuthuthwa kwempahla kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2021, inani lempahla lingafinyelela esicongweni salo. UCordero uthe: "Njengoba umnotho uqhubeka nokuvulwa futhi izinsizakalo ziba ziningi, uJuni ukhombisa ukuthi isidingo sabathengi sezimpahla sizozinza kancane kancane."

Ukubuka konke kwemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka kungafingqwa kafushane kanje:

1. Ukwanda okukhulu kwesidingo sezokuthutha

Ngokusho kombiko wekota yesibili kaClarkson, izinga lokukhula komthamo wokuthutha amakhonteyina emhlabeni wonke ngo-2021 licishe libe ngu-6.0%, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi lifinyelele ku-206 million TEU!

2. Isivinini semikhumbi emisha engena emakethe sahlala sizinzile, futhi imikhumbi emikhulu yaqhubeka nokuthuthuka.

Ngokwezibalo zikaClarkson, kusukela ngoMeyi 1, inani lemikhumbi egcwele amakhonteyina emhlabeni wonke lalingu-5,426, okuyi-TEU eyizigidi ezingu-24.24.

3. Izindleko zokuqasha izimoto ziyaqhubeka nokwenyuka

Isidingo sokuqasha imikhumbi sikhule kancane kancane, futhi abanye abanikazi bempahla nabo bahlanganyele emisebenzini yokuqasha. Izinga lokuqasha imakethe likhuphuke kancane kancane futhi lafinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu phakathi nonyaka.

Imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe kulindeleke ukuthi ibonise lezi zici ezilandelayo engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka:

1. Ukwehla komnotho kukhuthaza ukwanda kwesidingo sokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla. Ngokusho kwesibikezelo sikaClarkson, isidingo sokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla emhlabeni wonke sizokhula ngo-6.1% unyaka nonyaka ngo-2021.

2. Ubukhulu bomthamo wokuthutha buyaqhubeka nokukhula ngobukhulu.

3. Uma kukhulunywa ngokuqhubeka nokuthintwa ubhubhane ngo-2021, ukusebenza kahle kwemakethe yokuthumela impahla emhlabeni wonke kuzoncishiswa kakhulu.

4. Ukuhlushwa kwemboni ngokuvamile kuzinzile.

Indlela yokusebenza komfelandawonye yagwema imboni ekuncintisaneni ngesabelo semakethe ngokuncintisana okukhulu kwamanani futhi yagcina ukuzinza kwemakethe ngesikhathi sobhubhane.

Umbono wemakethe yaseShayina engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka:

1. Isidingo sezokuthutha kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke sithuthuka.

2. Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokuthutha impahla kungase kwande. Ubhubhane luyaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela emakethe yokuthumela impahla, uhlelo lochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngempahla luyaphazamiseka, ukusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yechweba kuncishiswe kakhulu, futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla okuthutha kusesimweni esinzima.

Imizila yaseNyakatho Melika

Ngenxa yokusabela okubi, inani lamacala aqinisekisiwe kanye nokufa kwegciwane elisha lomqhele e-United States lihamba phambili emhlabeni. Nakuba i-United States itshale imali eningi ukuze ilondoloze ukuchuma kwemakethe yezimali, ayikwazi ukufihla ukululama kancane komnotho wangempela. Inani langempela labantu abangasebenzi lidlula kakhulu elangaphambi kwalesi sifo. Esikhathini esizayo, umnotho wase-US kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uphume ezinkingeni zezimali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungqubuzana okuqhubekayo kwezohwebo phakathi kwe-Sino-US nakho kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuhwebeni phakathi kwe-Sino-US. Njengamanje, i-United States ikhiphe inani elikhulu lezinzuzo zokungasebenzi, okuye kwavusa inani elikhulu lesidingo esikhathini esifushane. Kulindeleke ukuthi isidingo sokuhlanganiswa kwe-China yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe e-United States sizohlala siphezulu isikhathi esithile, kodwa sibhekene nokungaqiniseki okukhulu.

Ngokwezibalo ze-Alphaliner, phakathi kwemikhumbi emisha ehlelelwe ukulethwa ngo-2021, kunemikhumbi eyi-19 ye-10000 ～15199TEU ene-227,000 TEUs, okuwukwenyuka konyaka nonyaka okungu-168.0%. Lolu bhubhane lubangele ukushoda kwabasebenzi, ukwehla okukhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwechweba, kanye nenani elikhulu lama-container avaleleke echwebeni.

Njengoba ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali emishinini yezitsha kanye nokubuyiselwa kwamandla amasha, kulindeleke ukuthi ukushoda kwamanje kwezitsha ezingenalutho kanye nomthamo omncane kuzoncipha. Engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka, uma ubhubhane lwase-US luzinza kancane kancane, ukuthunyelwa kweChina e-US kulindeleke ukuthi kuhlale kuzinzile, kodwa kuzoba nobunzima obuthile uma kuqhubeka nokukhula kakhulu. Ubudlelwano bokunikezwa kanye nesidingo semizila yaseNyakatho Melika buzobuyela esilinganisweni, futhi amazinga okuthutha emakethe kulindeleke ukuthi abuye kusukela ezingeni eliphezulu lomlando aye emazingeni ajwayelekile.

Indlela esuka eYurophu iye ezweni

Ngo-2020, ubhubhane lwaqala eYurophu futhi lwahlala isikhathi eside. Kamuva, ngenxa yokuqubuka kohlobo lwe-mutant delta, umnotho waseYurophu wathinteka kakhulu.

Njengoba singena ngo-2021, yize ubhubhane luqhubeka nokusabalala eYurophu, umnotho waseYurophu ubonise ukuqina okuhle. Kanye nohlelo lokuvuselela umnotho lwe-EU olungakaze lubonwe olwamukelwe yisifunda se-EU, ludlale indima esekelayo ekuvuseleleni umnotho waseYurophu emthonjeni walolu bhubhane. Ngokuvamile, ngokuncipha kancane kancane kwalolu bhubhane, isidingo saseShayina sokuhlanganiswa kwezimpahla zaseYurophu kwamanye amazwe siyathuthuka, futhi ubudlelwano bokunikezwa kwemakethe kanye nesidingo buzinzile.

Ngokusho kwesibikezelo sikaDrewry, isidingo sezokuthutha esiya entshonalanga eNyakatho-ntshonalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho Melika sizoba cishe yi-TEU eyizigidi eziyi-10.414 ngo-2021, okuwukwenyuka konyaka nonyaka okungu-2.0%, kanti izinga lokukhula lizokwenyuka ngamaphesenti angu-6.8 kusukela ngo-2020.

Ngenxa yomthelela walolu bhubhane, ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha sekunciphile kakhulu, kanti ezinye izitsha zivaleleke emachwebeni, kanti imakethe ibonise isimo sezindawo zokuthumela ezinciphile.

Ngokuphathelene nomthamo, umthamo ophelele wemakethe okwamanje usezingeni eliphezulu. Ngesikhathi sobhubhane, ukukhula komthamo kuye kwaba kancane. Kodwa-ke, umthamo omusha uzoba yimikhumbi emikhulu kakhulu, ezotshalwa kakhulu emizileni emikhulu ukuze kuncishiswe ukushoda komthamo. Esikhathini eside, lapho imakethe yokuthumela amakhonteyina isilulama emthonjeni wobhubhane, imakethe izobuyela ebhalansini lokunikezwa kanye nesidingo.

Umzila Osenyakatho-eNingizimu

Ngo-2021, ubhubhane luzoqhubeka nokusabalala emhlabeni wonke. Amazwe atshale imali eningi ukuze anyuse amanani ezimpahla, futhi amanani amaningi ezimpahla akhuphukele emazingeni ngaphambi kokugqashuka kwenkinga yezimali yomhlaba wonke ngo-2008, okunciphisa kancane ubunzima bamazwe athumela izinsiza kwamanye amazwe.

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi iningi lamazwe athumela izinsiza kwamanye amazwe ngamazwe asathuthuka, uhlelo lwezempilo lomphakathi lubuthakathaka, futhi kukhona ukuntuleka kwemithi yokugoma yokulawula ubhubhane. Ubhubhane eBrazil, eRussia nakwamanye amazwe lubi kakhulu, futhi umnotho uwonke uthinteke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubhubhane olukhulu luvuse isidingo sezidingo zansuku zonke kanye nezinto zokwelapha.

Ngokusho kwesibikezelo sikaClarkson, ngo-2021, isidingo sokuthunyelwa kwamakhonteyina emizileni yaseLatin America, imizila yase-Afrika, kanye nemizila yase-Oceania sizokhula ngo-7.1%, 5.4% kanye no-3.7% unyaka nonyaka, ngokulandelana, kanti izinga lokukhula lizokhula ngamaphesenti angu-8.3, 7.1 kanye no-3.5 ngokulandelana uma kuqhathaniswa no-2020.

Sekukonke, isidingo sokuhamba emzileni osuka enyakatho uye eningizimu sizokhula ngo-2021, futhi ubhubhane lunciphise ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuhlinzeka futhi lwaqinisa ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla okuhamba.

Imakethe yomzila osuka enyakatho iye eningizimu isekelwa yisidingo sezokuthutha esikhathini esifushane, kodwa uma isimo sobhubhane emazweni afanele singalawulwa ngempumelelo, sizobeka ingcindezi ekuthambekeni kwemakethe esikhathini eside.

Umzila waseJapan

Ngemva kokungena ngo-2021, ubhubhane eJapane luphinde lwanda futhi lwadlula isiqongo sobhubhane ngo-2020, ukuze ama-Olimpiki aseTokyo aqhutshwe ngendlela yokuthi ababukeli bangavunyelwe ukungena enkundleni. Inani elikhulu lemali etshalwe kuma-Olimpiki lingabhekana nokulahlekelwa okukhulu.

Lo bhubhane ushaye kakhulu umnotho waseJapan obuvele ubuthakathaka, kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu zesakhiwo ezifana nokukhula kwabantu, ukukhula komnotho waseJapan akunamandla uma kukhulunywa ngezikweletu eziphezulu.

Isidingo sokuthuthwa kwemizila yokuthumela yaseShayina eJapan ngokuvamile sizinzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zemikhumbi ezisebenzisa imizila yaseJapan zakhe iphethini yebhizinisi elizinzile iminyaka eminingi, zigwema ukuncintisana okunonya ngesabelo semakethe, futhi isimo semakethe sisazinzile.

Imizila ngaphakathi kwe-Asia

Amazwe ase-Asia alawula kahle ubhubhane azobhekana nobhubhane olubi kakhulu ngo-2021, futhi amazwe afana ne-India abangele ukuthi ubhubhane luphume ekulawuleni ngenxa yohlobo lwe-delta mutant.

Njengoba amazwe ase-Asia ikakhulukazi kungamazwe asathuthuka, izinhlelo zezempilo nezokwelapha zibuthakathaka, futhi ubhubhane luye lwaphazamisa ukuhweba, ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nokugeleza kwabantu. Ukuthi ubhubhane lungalawulwa ngempumelelo yini kuzoba yinto eyinhloko enquma ukuthi umnotho wase-Asia ungasimama futhi ubuye esikhathini esizayo.

Ngokusho kwesibikezelo sikaClarkson, ngo-2021, isidingo sokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ngaphakathi kwesifunda e-Asia sizoba cishe yi-TEU eyizigidi ezingama-63.2, okuwukwenyuka okungu-6.4% unyaka nonyaka. Isidingo sokuthutha sesizinzile futhi saphinde sabuya, futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla okuthunyelwa kwezimpahla emizileni yokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla kuzoba kuncane kancane. Kodwa-ke, ubhubhane lungabangela ukungaqiniseki okukhulu kwesidingo sokuthutha sesikhathi esizayo. , Izinga lokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla emakethe lingase lishintshe kakhulu.